Marko znidari c may 25, 2010 abstract in the seminar, physical principles underlying behavior of atoms in optical lattices are presented. An optical lattice is formed by the interference of counterpropagating laser beams, creating a. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are among the most developed platforms of interest for building quantum devices suitable for quantum simulation and quantum computation. In this case, the physics is essentially that of a single atom. Vexandvgx are external trapping potentials for the atom in the excited and the. Interaction dynamics between atoms in optical lattices. Simulating the bosehubbard model in optical lattices. Ultracold trapped atoms are advantageous because they are fundamentally indistinguishable qubits that can be prepared with high fidelity in welldefined states and readout. We perform in situ microscopy on a 2d quantum gas in optical lattices, and observe the incompressible mott insulating domains when the repulsive interaction between atoms dominates over their mobility. J12 j32 periodic spatiallyvarying optical trap cooling in optical lattices six lasers tuned slightly below the resonance frequency of atoms being trapped atoms. Cold neutral atoms in optical lattices by rui zhang a dissertation submitted in partial ful. Atoms trapped in optical lattices can be used to mimic the behavior of conduction electrons in solid state crystals. We demonstrate a novel experimental arrangement which can rotate a 2d optical lattice at frequencies up to several kilohertz.
Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices have recently emerged as promising candidates for investigating the geometric and topological aspects of band structures. A weakly interacting super uid comprised of atoms in a state that does not experience the lattice potential acts as a dissipative bath that interacts with the lattice atoms through collisions. Particularly fascinating is the possibility of using ultracold atoms in lattices to simulate condensed matter or even high energy physics. Realization of the hofstadter hamiltonian with ultracold atoms in optical lattices m. In those experiments, light has two effects, firstly to attract the atoms around points located on a periodic lattice having a spatial period on the order of the optical. The resulting periodic potential may trap neutral atoms via the stark shift. Quantum gate arrays with neutral atoms in optical lattices by using ultracold atoms in a mott insulating ph ase of an optical lattice we have been able to initialize a large register of quantum. By building on the fundamentals established by existing research, this study proposes to provide a proof of concept for using. Phil thesis, michaelmas 2010 ultracold atoms in optical lattices can be used to model condensed matter systems. Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in optical lattices can be properly defined by using the concept of maximally localized wannier functions for composite bands. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link.
Optical lattices act very much like the crystalline lattices of solidstate physics, trapping atoms at the minima of the overall potential. In this thesis, we exploit the high degree of control available in these systems to directly probe the band geometry of an optical honeycomb lattice. Quantum simulation with cold atoms in optical lattices by yanghao chan a dissertation submitted in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy physics in the university of michigan 20 doctoral committee. Nonequilibrium dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices by david chen dissertation submitted in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in physics in the graduate college of the university of illinois at urbanachampaign, 2015 urbana, illinois doctoral committee.
Realization of the hofstadter hamiltonian with ultracold. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices paperback maciej. Ultracold atoms can be trapped in periodic intensity patterns of light created by counterpropagating laser beams, socalled optical lattices. They officially came to the world in 19911992, when two groups observed signals originating from atoms spatially ordered in a standing wave. Optical flux lattices for ultracold atomic gases n. The key feature of these systems are the complete control of the manybody systems, combined with a microscopic understanding of the underlying dynamics. How to characterize the dynamics of cold atoms in non. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices derevianko group. Since the wavefunctions in the condensate are phase coherent, an interference pattern builds up as they overlap figure 1a. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple.
A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple noninteracting system and going into the manybody physics that describes the. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in. Barker and gimelshein, molecular transport in pulsed optical lattices 2007. Probing bloch band geometry with ultracold atoms in. Relation to atomic parameters we now establish the relation between the model in eq. A higher number of atoms simply increases the observable signal. A versatile system to explore few and manybody physics in periodic potentials david petrosyan iesl forth, greece. Optical lattice is formed by the interference of counterpropagating laser beams, which creates e ective potential that traps ultracold atoms. Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in honeycomb optical. First comprehensive book on ultracold gases in optical lattices.
Cooling in optical lattices university of california, berkeley. We study the continuous zero temperature quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the mott insulator phase induced by varying the depth of the optical potential, where the mott insulator phase corresponds to. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in optical lattices immanuel bloch 1 at nanokelvin temperatures, ultracold quantum gases can be stored in optical lattices, which are arrays of. The lattice atoms are excited to a higher energy band using laserinduced bragg transitions.
Atoms trapped in the optical lattice may move due to quantum tunneling, even if the. Ultracold atoms and molecules in optical lattices sciencedirect. The basic setup of optical lattices and the loading of a bec will be described in detail in sec. This book provides a complete and comprehensive overview of ultracold lattice gases as quantum simulators. A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a hubbardregime optical lattice. Optical lattices have been widely used in atomic physics as a way to cool, trap and control atoms. Cold neutral atoms in optical lattices university of michigan. Atoms are cooled and congregate in the locations of potential minima. Entangling the atoms in an optical lattice for quantum. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple noninteracting system and going into the manybody physics that describes the strongly correlated mott insulator regime. Loading interacting atoms into such optical lattices has facilitated the creation of hubbardmodel systems of interacting particles on a lattice and set off a new research field at the interface of condensed matter physics, atomic and molecular physics, and quantum optics 1, 2, 3, 4. Lattice geometry the simplest possible lattice is a one dimensional lattice 1d lattice. Quantum simulation using ultracold atoms in twodimensional.
Dynamical crystal creation with polar molecules or rydberg atoms in optical lattices view the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more. Besides trapping cold atoms, optical lattices have been widely used in creating gratings and photonic crystals. Quantum manybody dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices ultrakalte atome in optischen gittern. Nonequilibrium dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Optical lattices are an ideal platform for atomic experimentation. This thesis covers most of my work in the field of ultracold atoms loaded in optical lattices.
Outline the hubbard model for atoms optical dipole potential cold bosonic atoms in a tightbinding periodic potential. Formation of optical ux lattices for ultra cold atoms g. Cold atoms in optical lattices foundation for research. Correlated hopping of bosonic atoms induced by optical lattices. Optical microscopy of ultracold gases has been pushed to its limit to detect atoms in optical lattices with submicron spacings 1117. That is the case in statistical physics, where cold atoms in optical lattices, through their tunability, made possible the observation of the transition. Quantum optical lattices for emergent manybody phases of. The interaction of atoms in the lattice can easily. By controlling the laser light one can adjust the properties of the lattices in order to study e. In the limit of very low temperatures, cavity field and atomic. Quantum simulation using ultracold atoms in twodimensional optical lattices sarah alassam, balliol college, oxford d. Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in optical.
Boseeinstein condensates in optical lattices and optical potentials, including the work of greiner et al. Lukin2 1institute for quantum information, california institute of technology, mc 10781, pasadena, california 91125, usa. Mar 17, 2014 nippon telegraph and telephone has proposed a method for generating a largescale entangled quantum state of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice with high fidelity and short operation time. It is also the plan to put this mixture into an optical lattice henrik is currently. These setups allow unprecedented quantum controloverlargenumbers ofatoms and thus arevery promising for applications in quantum information. Optical lattices consist of arrays of atoms bound by light. Superresolution microscopy of cold atoms in an optical lattice. Optical lattices, ultracold atoms and quantum information. A versatile system to explore few and manybody physics in periodic potentials david petrosyan iesl forth, greece fastquast, 250909 p. Mekhov clarendon laboratory, department of physics, university of oxford, parks road, oxford ox1 3pu, united kingdom.
Who can use it the program is targeted to researchers, principally, in the fields of theoretical and experimental dynamics of ultracold atoms or electrons in atoms or molecules. Measuring z2 topological invariants in optical lattices using interferometry f. April 2004 arrays of ultracold atoms trapped by artificial crystals of light can be used in a wide variety of experiments in quantum physics imagine having an artificial substance in which you can control almost all aspects of the underlying periodic structure and the interactions between the atoms that. This chapter provides a brief history and introduction to the. Atoms in an optical lattice provide an ideal quantum system where all parameters can be controlled. Abstract in the seminar, physical principles underlying behavior of atoms in optical lattices are presented. Tunable spinorbit coupling for ultracold atoms in two.
Since then, studies of laser cooling, quantum state preparation, and boseeinstein condensates in optical lattices have intensi. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms in. Cluster state generation with spinorbit coupled fermionic atoms in optical lattices. Some of the most talented theorists in the field guide the readers through the fascinating interplay of atomic, optical. We demonstrate the experimental implementation of an optical lattice that allows for the. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Measuring z2 topological invariants in optical lattices. Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices christian gross1 and immanuel bloch1,2 quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Quantum simulation with atoms in optical lattices atoms in optical lattices electrons in a solid. This masterpiece is a unique opportunity to learn about the frontiers of quantum manybody physics, and how they can be explored with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices simulating quantum manybody systems maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, and veronica ahufinger.
Marko znidari c ljubljana, april 2018 abstract in the seminar, we will rst brie y touch on quantum simulation. In recent years, optical lattices have become one of the most successful tools in the largescale quantum simulation of condensedmatter problems. Contents standing wave light field egg crate potential atom cooling gates and qubits 1d optical lattice atom in a light field. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices constitute a unique. Formation of optical ux lattices for ultra cold atoms. Creating novel quantum states of ultracold bosons in. The dynamics of an ultracold dilute gas of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice can be described by a bose hubbard model where the system parameters are. Cold atoms in dissipative optical lattices sciencedirect. An important novel feature which comes about because of the large. In the limit of large enough cavity damping the different models agree. The spatial resolution in these experiments is constrained by the imaging wavelength to typically 0. Simulating the bosehubbard model in optical lattices author. Compared to free space optical lattices, quantum uncertainties of the potential and the possibility of atomfield entanglement lead to modified phase transition characteristics, the appearance of new phases or even quantum superpositions of different phases. Demler 1department of physics and research center optimas, university of kaiserslautern, germany 2graduate school materials science in mainz, gottliebdaimlerstrasse 47, 67663 kaiserslautern, germany.
Correlated hopping of bosonic atoms induced by optical lattices 5 2. Here we derive a generalized bosehubbard hamiltonian, describing the dynamical evolution of the atomcavity system and discuss the in uence of the cavity degree of freedom on various properties of strongly correlated systems in optical lattices. Ultracold atoms in such a rotating lattice can be used for the direct quantum simulation of strongly correlated systems under large effective magnetic fields, allowing investigation of phenomena such as the fractional quantum hall effect. Quantum simulation with cold atoms in optical lattices. In optical lattices, the interaction energies are much larger because the atoms are con. Spielman b a institute of theoretical physics and astronomy, vilnius university, a. Boseeinstein condensation in optical lattices shi yuan december, 2006 abstract. Quantum manybody dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices hardcover maciej. Ultracold atoms in resonatorgenerated optical lattices.
Realization of the hofstadter hamiltonian with ultracold atoms in. Quasicrystalline optical lattices for ultracold atoms. This study presents the first experimental realisation of a twodimensional quasicrystalline potential for ultracold atoms, based on an eightfold symmetric optical. Quantum physics with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. What makes optical lattices so useful is the nearly complete control it gives us over the system. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices precision measurements quantum information qubit quantum simulation lowdim systems 2d 1d. They provide a clean, tuneable system which can be engineered to. Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in honeycomb.
An optical lattice is formed by the interference of counterpropagating laser beams, creating a spatially periodic polarization pattern. In this chapter we introduce the reader to the physics of ultracold atoms trapped in crystals made of light. We study slow mass transport and statistical evolution of atoms in the lattice, as well as scale invariance and universality in weakly. In this work we consider a onedimensional optical lattice, constructed from the interference of two counter propagating laser beams with orthogonal polarizations. Bosonic atoms trapped in an optical lattice at very low temperatures, can be modeled by the bosehubbard model. Ultracold atoms on optical lattices welcome to the ideals repository.
In the recent years ultracold atoms in optical lattices have become a unique meeting ground for simulating solid state ma. Optical lattices, ultracold atoms and quantum information processing d. Quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories using. They are also useful for sorting microscopic particles, and may be useful for assembling cell arrays. Observation of quantum criticality with ultracold atoms in. Cluster state generation with spinorbit coupled fermionic atoms. Maschler et al ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized light. Cooper theory of condensed matter group, cavendish laboratory, j. Optical lattices have seen utilization in such diverse.
The advent of coherent matter waves in the form of boseeinstein condensation, coupled with periodic potentials in the form of optical lattices, has established a new area of research on the boundary between atomic and condensed matter physics. These socalled optical lattices act as versatile potential landscapes to trap ultracold quantum gases of bosons and fermions. For large detunings the conservative part of the optical potential dominates and can be used to trap the atoms. We study an ultracold gas of neutral atoms subject to the periodic optical potential generated by a highq cavity mode. Neutral atoms in optical lattices in 1998 peter zoller of the university of innsbruck in austria and coworkers published an influential paper. At the same time, the singlesiteresolved detection of individual atoms has become a new powerful experimental tool. It is the simplest model that describes the dynamics of electrons in matter. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms in optical lattices l. Strongly correlated ultracold bosonic atoms in optical. We discuss a protocol for the singlesiteresolved measurement of the current statistics of quantum manybody systems, which makes use of a bichromatic optical superlattice and singlesite detection. Singlesiteresolved measurement of the current statistics. Thomson avenue, cambridge cb3 0he, united kingdom received 12 january 2011.
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized light fields. Dynamical crystal creation with polar molecules or rydberg. Observation of quantum criticality with ultracold atoms in optical lattices xibo zhang, chenlung hung, shihkuang tung, cheng chin quantum criticality emerges when a manybody system is in the proximity of a continuous. Tightbinding models for ultracold atoms in honeycomb optical lattices julen iba. Boseeinstein condensation, optical lattices, atomic applications and the details of the wellknown bose hubbard bh hamiltonian and its phase diagram. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Quantum optical lattices for emergent manybody phases of ultracold atoms santiago f. Maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, and veronica ahufinger. The dynamics of an ultracold dilute gas of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice can be described by a bosehubbard model where the system parameters are controlled by laser light. We study the continuous zero temperature quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the mott insulator phase induced by. The resulting arrangement of trapped atoms resembles a crystal lattice and can be used for quantum simulation.
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